1. Finding fossil man
Ø recount history as sagas 把历史当做传说讲述
Ø disappear without trace 消失得无影无踪
2. Spare that spider
Ø do the least harm to us 丝毫不对我们产生危害
Ø make a census of the spiders 对蜘蛛做一次调查 → census n. 统计数字
Ø on a football pitch 在一个足球场上
Ø the wildest guess 最疯狂/夸张的猜测
3. Matterhorn man
Ø in the pioneering days 在初创时期，指登山运动的初创期
Ø It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangerous of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. 确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险，而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但是，他们并非故意寻求这种刺激。→ manner n. 方法 court v. 招致; 招惹; 导致; 冒…之险 go out of one’s way 特地，不怕麻烦
Ø impoverished settlements 穷乡僻壤
Ø a flea-ridden inn 充满跳蚤的客栈
Ø all washed down with coarse wine 就着劣质酒吞下这种食物
Ø Often a valley boasted no inn at all → boast v. 有（引以为荣的事物）The town boasts a world-famous art gallery.
Ø seven-course dinners 有7道菜的晚餐
4. Seeing hands
Ø one case concerns a schoolgirl 一个案例关于一个女学生
Ø be done up in bundles → do up 捆，包
Ø her curious talent 她的特异功能 → curious a. 奇特的; 不寻常的
Ø be blindfold / reads blindfold → blindfold a.&ad. 被蒙上眼睛的（地）
5. Youth
Ø take leave to doubt 请允许我怀疑 →take leave to do sth. 擅自做，冒昧去做
Ø get down to fundamentals 认真处理一些基本事实
Ø the young are after all human beings → after all 未必放在句末
Ø a glorious future 光辉灿烂的前景
Ø have an air of freedom 无拘无束
Ø have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or lover of comfort既不追逐卑鄙的名利，也不贪图生活的舒适
Ø have no devotion to material things 不热衷于物质享受
Ø in some sense 在某种意义上讲
Ø conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous 狂妄自负、举止无理、傲慢放肆、愚昧无知
Ø as if mere age was a reason for respect 似乎年长就是受人尊敬的理由
6. The sporting spirit
Ø sports creates goodwill between the nations → goodwill n. 友好
Ø the common peoples of the world 各国民众
Ø have no inclination to meet on the battlefield 无意在战场上相间
Ø orgies of hatred 疯狂的仇恨 → orgy n. 无节制，放荡
Ø on the village green → green n. 草地; 绿地
Ø be disgraced 丢脸
Ø the most savage combative instincts 最野蛮的争斗天性
Ø mimic warfare 模拟战争
Ø work themselves into furies over these absurd contests → work oneself into 使自己惯于某项工作
Ø tests of national virtue 对民族品德素质的检验
7. Bats
Ø sounds serve as language 声音作为语言之用
Ø play a utilitarian role 有实用价值
Ø get a full appreciation of what this means 透彻理解这句话的含义
Ø the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo 回声返回所用的时间就越长
Ø tap on the hull of the ship 敲打船体
Ø echo-sounding apparatus 回声探测仪
Ø a shoal of fish 鱼群
Ø bats emit squeaks 蝙蝠发出尖叫声
Ø steer clear of obstacles 避开障碍物
8. Trading standards
Ø put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries 阻碍发达国家间的贸易
Ø dialysis machine 透析仪
Ø hit the market 进入市场
Ø as it happens 碰巧why have two lots of tests where one would do? 直接引语，口语语序
Ø be hard-pressed to get a deal → hard-pressed a. 处于困境的; 遭受强大压力的
Ø construct the agreements 起草协议
Ø hammer out different pacts covering 推敲出不同的合同
9. Royal espionage
Ø a minstrel 中世纪的吟游歌手
Ø ballads n. 民歌
Ø vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring 用杂技和小魔术使他的节目多样化
Ø thither he went 他便向那里去 → thither ad. 向那里
Ø discipline was slack 纪律松弛
Ø security precautions was casual 安全措施马马虎虎
Ø on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions 靠掠夺附近地区的所得
Ø Danish horde 丹麦大军 → horde n. 移动着的一大群
Ø Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle. → prolonged battle 持久的战争
Ø commissariat n. 军需供应，粮食补给
Ø harry the enemy 骚扰敌军
Ø His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. 他派出巡逻队组织敌人抢劫，因而饥饿威胁着丹麦军队。
10. Silicon Valley
Ø He notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desk, much the way an editor creates a newsletter. 就像一位编辑编辑出一份时事通讯一样。
Ø let their imagination soar 充分发挥他们的想象力
Ø spawn a new generation of garage start-ups 造就新一代从汽车间起家的技术人员
Ø graduate in droves from California’s colleges 一批批地从加州大学毕业
Ø draw on customs and languages 凭借习惯和语言
Ø Pacific Rim markets 太平洋沿岸市场
11. How to grow old
Ø be pressed by the fear of death 因为怕死而不怕烦恼
Ø there is a justification for this feeling 有这种感觉是情有可原的
Ø justifiably feel bitter 感到痛苦是可以理解的
Ø be cheated of the best things have no offer 被剥夺了生活所能给予的最美好的东西 → cheat of 从…那里骗取
Ø achieve whatever work it was in him to do 他所能做的任何工作
Ø the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble 对死亡的恐惧就有点儿可怜又可鄙了 → abject a. 可怜的 ignoble a. 不体面的，可耻的
Ø bit by bit the walls of the ego recede 自我的围墙一点点地倒塌
Ø your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life 你的生活慢慢地和整个宇宙的生活连接在一起
Ø a river rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls 一条热情奔放地冲过巨石、飞下瀑布的河流
Ø without any visible break 连绵不断地
Ø the decay of vitality 经历的衰退
Ø the thought of rest 是death的一种委婉说法
Ø content in the thought that what was possible has been done 想到能做的是都做了而感到满意
12. Banks and their customer
Ø open a current account 开一个活期账号
Ø He is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time. 他把钱借给银行，这笔钱他可以随时提取
Ø 上面两个部分可以用条件状语从句或者时间状语从句连接
Ø draw a cheque in favor of another person开一张以他人为收款人的支票
Ø debtor and creditor—who is which depending on whether the customer’s account is in credit or is overdrawn.
Ø owe a large number of obligations to one another 对彼此承担大量义务
Ø the law is loaded against him 法律对自己不利
Ø debit his account only in respect of cheque draws by himself 存款只能凭他本人签字的支票来提取 → debit v. 把…借入记方
Ø a forged signature 伪造的签名
Ø a skillful forgery 高明的伪造
13. The search for oil
Ø We do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits.
Ø my particular experience is largely in oil 我是专门搞石油的
Ø an oil derrick 石油井架
Ø a giant block and tackle 巨大的滑轮组
Ø a cutting bit 钻头
Ø sample is obtained with a coring bit 用取芯钻头取样
Ø strata → 单数 stratum
Ø by means of 靠…手段，用…
Ø the old, romantic ides of gusher 过时的不实用的喷井方法
Ø lead it off in a controlled manner 用一种可控的方法把它引出来
14. The Butterfly Effect
Ø for small pieces of weather 对于小片天气来说
Ø errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see. 错误和不可靠性上升，接踵而来的是一系列湍流的征兆，从小尘暴和暴风发展到只有卫星上可以看到的席卷整块大陆的漩涡。
Ø a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart 一个坐标方格图，图中每个点大约间隔60英里 → grid n. 地图上的坐标方格 of the order of 大约
15. Secrecy in industry
Ø Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. → weigh against 不利于
Ø in so far as any inquiry is a secret one 就…而言
Ø Some firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. → to be of… 具有
Ø a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy → process n. 工艺are sought for with complete secrecy极端秘密的探索
Ø patents are taken out 取得专利权
Ø chance discoveries 偶然发现
Ø They are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book → enter v. （在册子等上）记录名字﹑ 细节等; 登记某事物 such and such a book某一本书
16. The modern city
Ø physiological and mental states生理和精神状态
Ø without any idea of the true nature of the human being 完全忽视人的本质
Ø without giving any consideration to… 完全不考虑…
Ø with no regard to… 不考虑
Ø enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of the dwellings 享受住宅的舒适和庸俗的豪华
Ø the modern cities consist of monstrous edifices 现代都市由大的吓人的高楼组成
Ø city is thronged ceaselessly by great crowds 络绎不绝的人挤来挤去
17. A man-made disease
Ø enterprising settlers 有创业精神的移民
Ø in the Antipodes 在新西兰和澳大利亚
Ø promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits 兔子特有的杂乱交配 → promiscuous a. 杂乱的 abandon n. 放任，纵情
Ø overrun a whole continent 在整个大陆泛滥
Ø be susceptible to a fatal virus disease 易受一种致命病毒性疾病感染
Ø let them loose in the burrows 让它们在洞内乱跑 → burrow v. 挖，掘 n. （兔子、狐狸等挖的）地洞
Ø drastically reduced the rabbit population 兔子数量大量减少
Ø develop a degree of resistance to the disease 对这种疾病产生一定免疫力
Ø bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia 把兔子作为有害动物传给欧洲
Ø acquire this man-made disease as a pestilence 染上了这种人为的瘟疫般的疾病
Ø a profitable fur industry 赚钱的毛皮工业
18. Porpoises
Ø a superstition among mariners 海员中流行的迷信说法
Ø in defensive formation 以防御的队列
Ø however intelligent they may be 无论海豚多么聪明，让步状语从句
Ø to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving 认为海豚有救人的动机
Ø They done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship
Ø a waterlogged mattress 浸满水的床垫
Ø If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks… → as 是关系代词
Ø upon such an occasion, a battle ensued → ensue v. 接着发生
Ø porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive 凡是活的东西海豚都感兴趣
Ø a young calf → calf 小牛犊；（海豹、鲸鱼）幼崽，幼兽
Ø submit to all sorts of indignities 忍受各种侮辱
Ø an aquaplane 驾浪滑水板
Ø pushing up for dear life 拼命地（把海龟）翻过来
Ø swoop down from above and butt turtle’s shell with his belly → swoop v. 猛扑 butt v. 碰撞
Ø knock the turtle down several feet 把海龟撞下去好几英尺
Ø hit him another crack 给他另一重击
19. The stuff of dreams
Ø in terms of muscle relaxation and so on 从使肌肉得到放松等方面来看
Ø This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. 若不是以下两点，这种假设似乎是有道理的。were it not for two factors = if it were not for two factors
Ø average individual’s sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-moments, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. 平常人的睡眠周期中不时伴有一阵阵奇怪的眼球活动，这些活动有的飘忽而缓慢，有的急剧而快速。→ jerky a. 急动的，不平稳的，抽筋的
Ø for several nights on end 一连几夜 → on end 连续地 She stays away from home for days on end.
Ø exhibit eye-movements 表现出眼球活动
20. Snake Poison
Ø How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. 蛇是怎样产生毒液的，这是一个谜。
Ø over the periods 经过很长时间
Ø a mild, digestive juice was converted into a poison that defies analysis 柔和的消化液转变成无法分析清楚的毒液
Ø poison to a snake is merely a luxury 毒液对毒蛇来说只不过是一种舒适的生存手段
Ø run fights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits 和又大又凶的老鼠搏斗、和大兔子扭斗
Ø a two-edged weapon 双刃剑/利弊参半的武器
Ø Nature concocted poison of such extreme potency 大自然调制出了如此高效的毒液。
Ø a fixed process 固定的程序
Ø a poison different in every respect from that of others, as different as arsenic is from strychnine 在各方面与另外一些毒蛇产生的不同的毒液，就像砒霜不同于马钱子碱一样
Ø one poison acts on the nerves, the other on the blood 一种毒液作用于神经，另一种毒液作用于血液
Ø neurotoxic venom 毒害神经的毒液 haemolytic a. 溶血性的
Ø Both poison are unpleasant, but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison. 两种毒液都很可怕，但溶血性毒液厉害得多
Ø the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two 神经毒液在两种毒液中是较原始的一种
Ø the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula 溶血性毒液，打个比方说，是根据改良配方身缠出的一种较新的产品
Ø Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. 不过，神经毒液比溶血性毒液在人身上起作用快得多。 but that as it may = however that may be
Ø viperine poison 毒蛇的毒
21. William S. Hart and the early ‘Western’ film
Ø he appeared nothing but Westerns 他只在西部电影中扮演角色
Ø supreme and unchallenged 首屈一指，独霸影坛
Ø devise the protagonist 塑造主人公
Ø the good-bad man, the accidental-noble outlaw, or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip 被认为是坏人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，诚实却遭陷害的牛仔，或因流言蜚语蒙受嫌疑的司法官
Ø frontier environment拓荒环境
Ø his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences
Ø the mythology of the vanished frontier 消失的拓荒生活的神话
Ø absurdly romanticized 荒谬地浪漫主义化
Ø join hands in at least one arena 至少在某一个舞台上共存
Ø encroaching civilization 渐渐闯入的文明
Ø struggle for survival against the elements 为了生存同自然环境作斗争
Ø unhorsed by fences, law and alien taboos 被圈地、法律和外来的清规戒律所击败 → unhorse v. 推翻，使摔下马来
Ø one of the disinherited 一个被剥夺继承权的人
Ø undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation 不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、诈骗、无政府状态以及即将临头的毁灭 immolation n. 毁灭，祭物；宰杀，祭品 self-immolation 自焚
22. Knowledge and progress
Ø progress loom so large
Ø more and more manifest progress
Ø undergo no general improvement in intelligence or morality
Ø education in its turn added to libraries
Ø a compound interest law
Ø All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised
Ø the trickle became a stream
Ø turn to practical account
Ø a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil
Ø be used indifferently for both
Ø Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?
Ø twofold use of knowledge
23. Bird flight
Ø two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight
Ø two classes may be roughly seen
Ø albatross, which may keep company with the vessel
Ø occasional movement of wing
Ø give the bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress
Ø yield to its opposition
Ø in the contrary school
Ø ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances
Ø partridge n.
Ø have a like power of strong propulsion
Ø pick them up in utter exhaustion
Ø The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure
Ø It tires not, nor does it boast of its power, but belong to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse.
Ø feed its flown young as if flies
Ø help it passage even when the wind is adverse
Ø take omens from their flight on this side and that
Ø wish it good-morning
24. Beauty
Ø a world that lies beyond
Ø in moments of intense aesthetic experience
Ø a different realm of existence
Ø blind and dazzle gleams
Ø in some moods
Ø nature shares it(a power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable)
Ø There is no sky so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret. 六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹；美丽的落日总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象，这景象未及饱览便一闪即逝，并在消逝中给人留下了不可名状的渴望和惆怅。
Ø life is a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars
Ø an empty laugh braying across the mysteries
Ø evil humor born of indigestion
Ø whimsies sent by the devil
Ø mock and madden us
25. Non-auditory effects of noise
Ø the Services
Ø have practical experience of noise
Ø support their pleas
Ø noise abatement
Ø one allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness
Ø a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress
Ø reduce to a screaming wreck
Ø on turning eagerly to the text → on = on the occasion of, directly after当即，随后
Ø the snag in this sort of anecdote
Ø slander her and persecute her
Ø live several miles from an aerodrome 飞机场
Ø several squadrons of jet aircraft
Ø psychiatric interviews
Ø a mental health hazard
Ø aircraft carrier
26. The past life on the earth
Ø animals’ remains
Ø quick burial
Ø bodies and the like can be rapidly covered
Ø the most favorable circumstances
Ø decay sets in
Ø scavengers eat them
Ø the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles
Ø inaccessible caves
Ø ice crevasse
Ø tar pits
Ø saber-toothed cats
Ø be promptly bogged in the tar
27. The ‘Vasa’
Ø the story of a gallon
Ø strangest tales of the sea
Ø dictate her measurements and armament
Ø Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon
Ø growing might of Sweden
Ø Stockholm was in a ferment
Ø the high stern castle was a riot of gods, cherubs 许多…（指色彩丰富）
Ø zoomorphic animal shapes were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors
Ø thunder a salute
Ø the water churned to foam beneath her bow
Ø pennants waving
Ø wind freshened
Ø a sudden squall
Ø listing to port
Ø the Ordnance Officer ordered all the cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list
Ø the inrush sealed the ship’s fate
28. Patients and doctors
Ø a sceptical age
Ø our forefathers fervently believed
Ø in the curative properties
Ø be mounting to astronomical figures
Ø attend the medical out-patients departments
Ø some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine
Ø a small jar of ointment
Ø method of disposing patients
Ø little-appreciated advice
Ø It is recounted of Thomas that…
Ø the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering
Ø History doesn’t relate whether his friend accepted his medical help
Ø to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves
Ø in all probability 很可能
29. The hovercraft
Ø turn to boat-building
Ø industrial circles
Ø a cushion ringed with a curtain of higher pressure air
Ø it is something in between a boat and an aircraft
Ø wave resistance
Ø make it ride on a cushion of air
Ø air jets on the bottom of the craft
Ø cause a sensation
Ø present no problem
Ø take up regular service
Ø the possibilities appear unlimited
30. Exploring the sea-floor
Ø the hazards of navigation
Ø a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the seabed was flat
Ø obtain a sounding of over 2000 fathoms
Ø Porcupine was put at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises
Ø dredge the bottom
Ø a subject worthy of the most qualified physicists and geologists
Ø a burst of activity
Ø underwater features of considerable magnitude
Ø enable a relief map
Ø sea bed’s topography
Ø the basic form of the crust of the earth, with, superimposed upon it
Ø rugged tablelands
Ø dividing line between continents
Ø at the foot of a steeper slope
Ø the slope averages about 1 of 30
Ø a long tailing-off
Ø material transported out to deep water after being eroded from the continental masses
Ø at the disposal of 由…支配
31. The sculptor speaks
Ø appreciation depends upon the ability
Ø make the further intellectual and emotional effort
Ø hold it completing enclosed in the hollow of his hand
Ø from all round itself 从它的各个角度构想
Ø the sensitive observer of sculpture
Ø not as description or reminiscence
Ø demonstrably untrue
Ø centre of gravity
32. Galileo reborn
Ø the center of violent controversy
Ø the scientific dust has long sine settled
Ø delightfully uncomplicated
Ø toll balls don inclined planes
Ø law of free fall
Ø philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution
Ø arouse great interest of time
Ø Was the philosopher who refused to look through Galileo’s telescope more culpable than those who alleged that the spiral nebulae observed with Lord Rosse’s great telescope in the eighteen-forties were scratches left by the grinder? 有人硬把用罗斯勋爵高倍望远镜观测到的螺旋状星云说成是磨镜工留下的磨痕，难道反对加里路的哲学家比诋毁罗斯勋爵造谣者应受到更严厉的谴责吗？→ culpable adj. 有罪的；该责备的；不周到的；应受处罚的
Ø curved glass was the popular contrivance 器械
Ø use a telescope at the limit of its powers 用望远镜的极限放大率
33. Education
Ø adverse circumstance
Ø punctuated by textbooks—those purchasable wells of wisdom
Ø so much is certain
Ø our spiritual outlook
Ø lay stress on “facts and figures”
Ø be fashioned after its bookless past we would
Ø education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means
Ø hampers the full develop of a growing personality
Ø grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents
34. Adolescence
Ø as a slur on their own cooking
Ø make some spiteful remark
Ø such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior
Ø before very long the parents will be complaining
Ø bring this on themselves
Ø disillusionment with the parents
Ø such a high ideal of their parents
Ø a realistic evaluation
Ø in their character and infallibility
Ø victorian parents
Ø too cowed to let them know how they really felt 被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法 → cow v. 吓唬
Ø stand up to 经得起 face up to 正视
35. Space odyssey
Ø only an eightieth of the Earth’s mass
Ø Mars has an extraordinary fascination for would-be voyagers
Ø savage sandstorms
36. The cost of government
Ø a nation is essentially disunited
Ø incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business
Ø Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation
Ø The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best prompts the interests of the firm.
Ø exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere
Ø act in a loyal and responsible manner towards is job
Ø require armies of administrators, checkers, and foreman
Ø meet the expense of administration
Ø to the extent
Ø incur unduly high costs of government
Ø keep someone in line
Ø be in the interests of…
37. The process of ageing
Ø we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable
Ø undergo a progressive loss of out vigor and resistance, which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer.
Ø heavy odds in favor of our dying
Ø on into a ninth or tenth decade
Ø the chances are against it
Ø there is a virtual limit
Ø something self-evident
Ø a wound watch
Ø a moot point at present
Ø an illness which at twelve knocks us over, at eighty can knock us out
38. Water and traveller
Ø poor sanitation
Ø contamination with industrial or farm waste
Ø intermittent tap-water supplies should be particularly suspect
Ø untreated water from any other source
Ø keep to hot drinks
Ø international standards of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants
Ø acidic water
Ø portable boiling elements
Ø a medical disinfectant
Ø be relied upon to sterilize water
Ø bacterial action is negligible
Ø spirits labelled 95 proof
Ø methylated alcohol
Ø readily available
39. What every writer wants
Ø few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect
Ø admit radical changes of destination
Ø In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. 作家在裁剪修改、构思时间、穿插情节、甚至从头重写的过程中，会领悟到素材中有很多东西是他动笔时所未意识到。
Ø the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written
Ø fathom the exact outline of the vision before them
Ø talk interminably
Ø an unforgivable bore
Ø the pertinent observation a year or two back
Ø no crow or movement
Ø make order out of anarchy
Ø a more ruthless discipline
Ø take time off from living with himself
Ø pass for
Ø to my certain passage
40. Waves
Ø the ongoing signatures of infinity
Ø excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth
Ø an ancient, exquisite, powerful message
Ø the basic features include a crest ( the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point)
Ø in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was
Ø it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.
Ø the undulating waves
Ø in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain
Ø be subject to 受…的支配，服从于…
41. Training elephants
Ø apart form any moral considerations
Ø in the early stages
Ø assign the animal a single mahout
Ø be capable of a considerable degree of personal affection
Ø refuse to deed and pine to death
Ø be taken with a grain of salt 有保留地对待
Ø underline the general principle
Ø earn its keep straight away
Ø become subservient to man
Ø a very firm hand
Ø the captive elephants, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches
Ø a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence
Ø the captive gradually quietens down
Ø achieve a ticklish business
Ø the stalls of two captives
Ø two assistants were mounted on tame elephants
Ø a monotonous and soothing chant
Ø induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant
Ø reinforce effect by the use of endearing epithet
Ø the elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments
Ø curls it(trunk) up
42. Recording an earthquake
Ø instruments that neither slumbered nor slept
Ø stand up on end like ninepins
Ø serious advance
Ø write legibly
Ø tie a heavy weight at the end of a long piece of string
Ø upon this principle
Ø be wrapped round a drum
Ø The apparatus thus described, however, records only the horizontal component of the wave movement.
Ø a bluebottle buzzing round the room
Ø Instruments have been devised and can be so placed that all three elements can be recorded in different graphs.
Ø the arrival of longitudinal/transverse vibrations
Ø travel round the earth through the surface rocks
Ø help us a little further
43. Are there strangers in space
Ø poor in oxygen
Ø radio astronomer
Ø come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other plants
Ø our own primitive chemical rockets are good enough to orbit men
Ø 1420 megacycles per second
Ø a pre-arranged rendezvous
44. Patterns of culture
Ø Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment.
Ø at its most commonplace
Ø Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior
Ø no matter how aberrant
Ø The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest. 最重要的是，风俗在实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以及它所表现出来的极其丰富多彩的形式。
Ø look at the world with pristine eyes
Ø philosophical probings
Ø go behind these stereotypes
Ø John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional customs, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family. 风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用和一个人对风俗的任何影响相比，就好像他本国语言的总词汇量和自己咿呀学语时他家庭所接纳地他的词汇量之比。
Ø achieve the thousandth part
Ø There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom
Ø the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible
Ø a profitable study
Ø preliminary propositions have been accepted
Ø In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration.
Ø group the relevant material
Ø hold sway over people’s minds
Ø let us say
45. Of man and galaxies
Ø dispute the ownership of a cave with a bear
Ø mosquito has been subdued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays
Ø a fixed amount of food
Ø The Holy Office knew this full well when it caused heretics to be burned in days gone by.
Ø you are conditioned by the conventions of the community
Ø Perhaps it will suffice to mention the nuclear bomb
46. Hobbies
Ø The stronger the will, the more futile the task.
Ø insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp
Ø the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins
Ø swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will
Ø be sedulously tended
Ø vivifying fruits
Ø aggravate the strain of mental effort
Ø be toiled to death
Ø gratify every caprice
Ø In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.
Ø They have their compensations.
Ø the means of sustenance
Ø be grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation
Ø an alternative outlook
Ø a diversion of effort
Ø Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who mosr need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
Ø catch hold of
Ø lay one’s hand on
47. The great escape
Ø initial outlay upon equipment
Ø The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds’ worth of space ar one of euro myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley.
Ø an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise
Ø He is affluent
Ø From all such fears camping releases him.
Ø another must be added
Ø ownership entails freedom
Ø exquisite refinement
Ø everything is to hand
Ø at the holiday paradise
Ø the local weather too inclement
Ø object to the practice of camping
Ø insularity and self-containment
Ø Camping sites are highly cosmopolitan
Ø a preponderance of Germans
Ø no overwhelmingly specialized patronage
Ø the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic
Ø police are wary of itinerants
Ø heath fires
Ø Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
Ø it is far from…
48. Planing a share portfolio
Ø no shortage of tipsters
Ø leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter
Ø a definite structure and a clear aim
Ø sink all of your money into Periwigs
Ø boost your pension income
Ø preserve your capital
Ø construct a portfolio with some shares, along with gilts, cash deposits, and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.
Ø in a solid financial position
Ø take an aggressive approach
Ø you’re blessed with a sanguine disposition
Ø if you recognize yourself in this description
Ø a couple of heady growth stocks
Ø pedestrian investments
Ø spread your risk
Ø go about